Chapter 2 - Evolution of the Major Programming Languages

Name : Agata Sri Sartika Servina

NIM : 1601218804

Class: 02PCT

Special thanks to : Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

Review Question

1. Designed in 1943 and Published in 1972

3. Program Calculus

7. John Backus

8. John Mauchly. Because, it clearly simplified the programming process, but at the expense of execution time.

9. IBM,Fortran 0.

10. Independent compilation of subroutines

11. Logical loop control statements

12. Fortran IV

13. Fortran 77

14. Because, Linguists were concerned with natural language processing

15. Records, arrays, complex numbers and character strings

17. Scheme

18. GAMM and ACM

19. C has adequate control statements and data-sructuring facilities to allow its use in many application areas. It also has a rich set of operators that provide a high degree of expressiveness.

21. COBOL.

22. Common Business Language (CBL).

23. 1959

28. Designed to replace FORTRAN & COBOL languages.

33. ALGOL-W

46. Objective-C 2.0.

47. Ken Thompson.

49. Sun Microsystems.

54. You will find it used in a web browser.

64. .NET

Problem Set

1. The logical loop control statements, and an “if” with an optional “else” caluse.

2. Short Code clearly simplified the programming process, but at the expense of execution time. Short Code interpretation was approximately 50 times slower than machine code (hand calculator).

6. The most common syntax error in C i think is forget to end a statement with semicolon (;)

8. Because, Speedcoding fills up a lot of space on the disk so it’s ineffective

9. The choice of the letters for this convention was based on the fact that at that time scientists and engineers used letters as variables subscripts, usually i, j, and k, and then Fortran’s designers threw in the three additional letters.

13. Because, C is flexible and well suited for various applications and also a compiler for C was part of the widely used UNIX operating system in 1980s.

15. Yes, Fortran, C++, COBOL, ALGOL.

16. depend to the programmer they want to use a simple or a complex, but many will choose simple because it is more readable and more easy to spot a mistake.

25. Java servlet is a Java programming language class used to extend the capabilities of a server. Although servlets can respond to any types of requests, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by web servers, so they can be thought of as Java Apllets that run on servers instead of in web browsers